不同雷诺数下翼型气动特性及层流分离现象演化

低雷诺数下空气黏性效应突出,翼型表面普遍存在层流分离现象,相比常规雷诺数情况气动特性显著恶化。采用带预处理的Roe方法求解非定常可压缩Navier-Stokes方程的数值模拟技术和低雷诺数低湍流度风洞油流显示试验技术,对FX63-137翼型不同雷诺数下气动特性和流动结构展开深入研究。通过风洞油流显示试验可以清晰获得低雷诺数层流分离流动的两道油流汇集线。数值模拟结果表明其分别为时均化主分离线和二次分离线,两种结果定性定量均吻合较好,证明了本文的研究方法有效可靠;雷诺数从500 000降至20 000,翼型气动特性和层流分离流动结构均发生显著的变化,伴随阻力系数剧增和升力系数剧降,时均化流动结构从附体至出现经典的长层流分离泡,并最终演化为后缘层流分离泡,相应的两种分离泡的非定常流动结构也存在显著差异;对于阻力系数和升力系数而言,存在不同的临界雷诺数,因为导致阻力系数剧增的机理在于经典长层流分离泡的产生使翼型压差阻力大增,而造成升力系数剧降的主要原因在于后缘层流分离泡使得等效翼型后部弯度减小;非定常结果显示正是由于翼型表面漩涡周期性的生成与脱落,才造成了低雷诺数下升力系数的周期性波动。翼型上表面主分离涡即将脱落时,流线在后缘附近再附,升力系数达到峰值;而当流体从下表面向上卷起二次分离涡时,尾部流线大尺度分离,升力系数降至谷值。     

水气动量交换的实验研究

在风浪槽中进行水气动量交换实验，测量了不同风速和风区下的波浪及空气湍流流场。测量数据表明水面上风速分布符合对数律，水气界面附近在小范围的动量交换常通量层。阻力系数ＣＤ随风速增加线性增长，随波龄增加而减小。这一趋向与理论分析及外海帝测结果一致。对风浪发展过程中波浪和空气湍流谱结构的分析证明了水气运动的耦合关系。     

俯仰三角翼的流态及结构

本文对俯仰三角翼的流动特性进行了实验研究，给出了俯三角翼的截面流态特点，对三角翼俯仰 运动的流动机理进行了分析。     

滚摆非定常流场的定量流动显示

对 8 0°三角翼滚摆的非定常流场进行常规流动显示和定量流动显示即PIV测量 ,获得了对于引起和维持滚摆的气动机理的新认识 ,即引起和维持滚摆的气动机理不仅在于前缘分离涡相对翼面位置的动态迟滞特性 ,而且还在于前缘涡强度的动态迟滞特性     

基于振动时滞法的非零叶间相位角叶片颤振

发展了一种利用叶片延迟振动设置叶间相位角的振动时滞法和多通道叶片非同相振动的流固耦合颤振分析模型。模型通道数选取相邻节径线之间通道数的两倍,在循环扇区的不同通道中,令叶片的各阶振动模态位移滞后于前一叶片,结合基于虚拟弹性体的快速动网格算法实现流场及叶片网格的高效更新。针对Rotor 37多通道模型,研究了不同叶间相位角对叶片气弹稳定性及通道流场特性的影响。结果表明:多通道方法与全环叶片颤振分析的计算结果基本一致,而18节径振动下多通道方法的计算时间是全环分析的1486%;节径振动形式对气动阻尼有显著影响,且在2节径时发生气弹失稳;叶间相位角引起流道内激波位置和强度变化和非定常激波脉动异相冲击,是影响颤振的主要原因。     

Fluid structure interaction simulation of supersonic parachute inflation by an interface tracking method

An Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) approach with interface tracking is developed in this paper to simulate the supersonic parachute inflation. A two-way interaction between a nonlinear finite element method and a finite volume method is accomplished. In order to apply this interface tracking method to problems with instantaneous large deformation and self-contact, a new virtual structure contact method is proposed to leave room for the body-fitted mesh between the contact structural surfaces. In addition, the breakpoint due to the fluid mesh with negative volume is losslessly restarted by the conservative interpolation method. Based on this method, fluid and structural dynamic behaviors of a highly folded disk-gap-band parachute are obtained. Numerical results such as maximum Root Mean Square (RMS) drag, general canopy shape and the smallest canopy projected areas in the terminal descent state are in accordance with the wind tunnel test results. This analysis reveals the inflation law of the disk-gap-band parachute and provides a new numerical method for supersonic parachute design.     

亚声速三角翼俯仰振动涡结构及升力特性研究

本文介绍在暂冲式三声速风洞中实现了非常流动的多片光蒸汽屏显示技术和测力技术，并用这两项技术研究了亚声速时７０°后掠三角翼模型仰振的非定常流动现象，探讨了由于三角翼模型俯振动产生的涡结构人向气动力特性之间的相关关系。     

钛合金熔模精铸氧化锆陶瓷型壳／金属界面反应研究

通过实际浇注和真空扩散连接分别制取了钛／型壳界面，借助ＳＥＭ、ＥＰＭＡ和显微硬度仪等分析测试手段对所得界面进行了深入研究，初步提出了以Ｚｒ、Ｏ元素向钛基体内的扩散为主导的界面反应机制。实验结果表明，界面反应并非在整个界面上均衡推进，而是在浓度、温度、能量起伏、以及陶瓷颗粒位向适宜的区域优先发生界面反应     

A Structured Mesh Euler and Interactive Boundary Layer Method for Wing/Body Configurations

To compute transonic flows over a complex 3D aircraft configuration, a viscous/inviscid interaction method is developed by coupling an integral boundary-layer solver with an Eluer solver in a ＂semi-inverse＂ manner. For the turbulent boundary-layer, an integral method using Green＇s lag equation is coupled with the outer inviscid flow. A blowing velocity approach is used to simulate the displacement effects of the boundary layer. To predict the aerodynamic drag, it is developed a numerical technique called far-field method that is based on the momentum theorem, in which the total drag is divided into three component drags, i.e. viscous, induced and wave-formed. Consequently, it can provide more physical insight into the drag sources than the often-used surface integral technique. The drag decomposition can be achieved with help of the second law of thermodynamics, which implies that entropy increases and total pressure decreases only across shock wave along a streamline of an inviscid non-isentropic flow. This method has been applied to the DLR-F4 wing/body configuration showing results in good agreement with the wind tunnel data.     

Propagation of non-linear ion-sound pulses in dusty plasma waveguides

There are a lot of objects in space associated with dusty plasma inclusions. Such inclusions may bear a prolonged shape and behave as waveguides for ion-sound waves. In the case of space plasmas, the dust particles can possess both negative charge, due to electron attachment, and positive one, due to photoionization. In this paper the propagation of linear and non-linear ion-sound wave pulses in the dusty plasma waveguides, possessing positive charge, is studied. It has been demonstrated that non-linear dynamics of baseband pulse propagation in plasma waveguide possesses essentially non-solitonic behavior. Namely, propagation of a long ion-sound pulse leads to an excitation of a shock-like wave but not a stable localized nonlinear pulse. Also, when a Korteveg–de Vries (KdV) soliton is incident onto the dusty plasma waveguide, some part of the soliton energy is captured by the waveguide and transformed into a multi-pulse structure. Additionally, an interaction of dusty plasma inclusions with KdV soliton can lead to the occurrence of transverse instabilities of the soliton and its eventual destruction.